Soon after Ticonderoga, Arnold brought his men on a dangerous trek through the . Mo talks with author Nathaniel Philbrick about the now . [67], Early in May 1779, Arnold met with Philadelphia merchant Joseph Stansbury[c] who then "went secretly to New York with a tender of [Arnold's] services to Sir Henry Clinton". [11], In 1755, Arnold was attracted by the sound of a drummer and attempted to enlist in the provincial militia for service in the French and Indian War, but his mother refused permission. He was a general that preferred to lead in the front then the back, always riding his horse into battle alongside his men. He died after four days of delirium on June 14, 1801, at the age of 60. The fourth niche is pointedly empty. He was also convicted of two minor charges of using his authority to make a profit. Arnold received a commission as a brigadier general in the British Army, an annual pension of 360,[b] and a lump sum of over 6,000. [133] George Canning Hill authored a series of moralistic biographies in the mid-19th century and began his 1865 biography of Arnold: "Benedict, the Traitor, was born". Arnold wrote out passes for Andr so that he would be able to pass through the lines, and he also gave him plans for West Point. He helped organize militia forces on British-held islands, receiving praise from the landowners for his efforts on their behalf. In exchange for cash and a commission in the British army, Major General Arnold promised to betray his cause and hand over the American fort at West Point. [101] From the ship, he wrote a letter to Washington[102] requesting that Peggy be given safe passage to her family in Philadelphiawhich Washington granted. Benjamin Franklin wrote that "Judas sold only one man, Arnold three millions", and Alexander Scammell described his actions as "black as hell". Arnold was promoted to brigadier general for his role in reaching Quebec, and he maintained an ineffectual siege of the city until he was replaced by Major General David Wooster in April 1776. He started as an apprentice [139] However, not all depictions of Arnold were so negative. attended Canterbury for a while, but when the family's money was lost in some bad business dealings, he had to leave school. Four days later, Arnold sent a ciphered letter with similar content into New York through the services of the wife of a prisoner of war. [85], On August 3, 1780, Arnold obtained command of West Point. [3] Some among those in his military and political circles charged him with corruption and other bad acts. The arched, double-door main entrance provided a stately, picturesque quality to the home. [citation needed], He then continued on to Philadelphia where he met with members of Congress about his rank. Things Trump will never be. Arnold had three sons with Margaret Mansfield:[150][151]. [6] In December 1780, he led a force of 1,600 troops into Virginia under orders from Clinton, where he captured Richmond by surprise and then went on a rampage through Virginia, destroying supply houses, foundries, and mills. Some could even argue that, patriotism aside, it might have seemed insane for him not to turn traitor. [79], Shortly after Washington's rebuke, a Congressional inquiry into Arnold's expenditures concluded that he had failed to account fully for his expenditures incurred during the Quebec invasion, and that he owed the Congress some 1,000,[b] largely because he was unable to document them. On August 25, Peggy finally delivered to him Clinton's agreement to the terms. Interesting Facts About Benedict Arnold. Benedict Arnold, shown on the left concealing his plans in John Andr's boot, has become synonymous with treason but before he betrayed America, he saved it. General Washington gave him a light reprimand, but it merely heightened Arnold's sense of betrayal; nonetheless, he had already opened negotiations with the British before his court martial even began. While there, he disentangled himself from a lawsuit over an unpaid debt that Peggy had been fighting while he was away, paying 900[b] to settle a 12,000[b] loan that he had taken while living in Philadelphia. He wrote that he was "very much shocked" and wondered "good God, are the Americans all asleep and tamely giving up their liberties, or are they all turned philosophers, that they don't take immediate vengeance on such miscreants? Arnold was aware of his reputation in his home country, and French statesman Talleyrand described meeting him in Falmouth, Cornwall in 1794: The innkeeper at whose place I had my meals informed me that one of his lodgers was an American general. He later said in his own defense that he was loyal to his true beliefs, yet he lied at the same time by insisting that Peggy was totally innocent and ignorant of his plans. One colonel wrote to Clinton concerning Arnold: "There are many officers who must wish some other general in command. He won a victory at Fort Stanwix (now Rome) in August 1777 and commanded advance battalions at the Battle of Saratoga that autumn, fighting brilliantly until seriously wounded. He had his leg crudely set, rather than allowing it to be amputated, leaving it 2 inches (5cm) shorter than the right. He sent an Indian messenger into the camp of British Brigadier General Barry St. Leger with news that the approaching force was much larger and closer than it actually was; this convinced St. Leger's Indian allies to abandon him, forcing him to give up the effort. [84], Arnold next wrote a series of letters to Clinton, even before he might have expected a response to the July 7 letter. His mother came from a wealthy family, but his alcoholic father squandered their estate. But despite all the financial and political reasons he had for his betrayal, it's possible it was actually about love. He returned to the army at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, in May 1778 to the applause of men who had served under him at Saratoga. July 27] 1742 - June 19, 1786) was an American military officer and planter who served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War.He emerged from the war with a reputation as one of George Washington's most talented and dependable officers, and is known for his successful command in the Southern theater of the conflict. He died, age 60, and was buried in London. An epidemic of yellow fever ravaged Arnold's family in the 1750s, however, claiming three of his . Andr then drafted instructions to Stansbury and Arnold. . Benedict Arnold's reasons for betraying America were extraordinarily complex. Understand why Benedict Arnold spied for the British during the American Revolutionary War. Although he was unsuccessful, his attempt to betray George Washington and his American forces . For several years before he . A figure climbed down from the larger sloop, into the boat and quietly made his way up the Hudson River. Arnold mingled with Loyalist sympathizers in Philadelphia and married into a Loyalist family when he wedded Peggy Shippen. May God forgive me for ever having put on another,"[125] but this story may be apocryphal. The America. [63][64], Arnold had an extremely ambitious and jealous personality. As early as 1778, there were signs that Arnold was unhappy with his situation and pessimistic about the country's future. Arnold's role in the war was controversial, with some supporting his actions and others supporting the Patriots. He had established a decent relationship with George Washington, as well as Philip Schuyler and Horatio Gates, both of whom had command of the army's Northern Department during 1775 and 1776. At a prearranged rendezvous point on the shoreline his contact arrived just after midnight. [38], General Washington assigned Arnold to the defense of Rhode Island following the British seizure of Newport in December 1776, where the militia were too poorly equipped to even consider an attack on the British. Arnold returned to England in 1791, but he left to spend several years privateering in the West Indies before permanently settling in London. On August 13, Schuyler dispatched him with a force of 900 to relieve the siege of Fort Stanwix, where he succeeded in a ruse to lift the siege. Meanwhile, in April 1779, Arnold married Margaret (Peggy) Shippen, a young woman of loyalist sympathies. His grandfather, after whom he was named, was one of the founders of the Rhode Island colony, but Arnold's father was the opposite of the upstanding Benedict Arnold I. [128][d], Benedict Arnold's name became synonymous with "traitor" soon after his betrayal became public, and biblical themes were often invoked. The Portrayal of Benedict Arnold in American History", Shy, John. Interview with Philbrick in Michael Dolan, "Hero And Villain,", Julie Courtwright, "Whom Can We Trust Now? On November 10, 1778, General Nathanael Greene wrote to General John Cadwalader, "I am told General Arnold is become very unpopular among you oweing to his associateing too much with the Tories. Thereupon I expressed the desire of seeing that gentleman, and, shortly after, I was introduced to him. [103] He had suffered from gout since 1775,[124] and the condition attacked his unwounded leg to the point where he was unable to go to sea. [149] The faculty club at the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton has a Benedict Arnold Room in which letters written by Arnold hang on the walls. Arnold demanded a court martial to clear the charges, writing to Washington in May 1779: "Having become a cripple in the service of my country, I little expected to meet ungrateful returns". Background. General George Washington had given him his fullest trust and had placed him in command of West Point in New York. Benedict Arnold was named brigadier general by the British government and sent on raids to . [3] Arnold was buried at St. Mary's Church in Battersea, England. After Arnold was wounded in 1777, George Washington named him military governor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, recently abandoned by the British. One month after taking command, Arnold slipped the plans to British Major John Andr in exchange for 20,000 pounds of sterling, the equivalent of more than $4 million today. [26], On February 22, 1767, Arnold married Margaret Mansfield, daughter of Samuel Mansfield, the sheriff of New Haven and a fellow member in the local Masonic Lodge. He marched with 700 men by way of the Maine wilderness, a remarkable feat of woodsmanship and endurance, and, reinforced by Gen. Richard Montgomery, attacked the well-fortified city. "[88] At the same time, he tried to drain West Point's supplies so that a siege would be more likely to succeed. Working as a spy, Armistead gained the trust of General Cornwallis and Benedict Arnold,. Washington also infiltrated men into New York City in an attempt to capture Arnold. [16] He was hardworking and successful, and was able to rapidly expand his business. [121], In July 1792, Arnold fought a bloodless duel with the Earl of Lauderdale after the Earl impugned his honor in the House of Lords. [146] There are also historical markers bearing his name at Wyman Lake Rest Area on US-201 north of Moscow, Maine, on the western bank of Lake Champlain, New York, and two in Skowhegan, Maine.[147]. After the usual exchange of greetings I ventured to request from him some letters of introduction to his friends in America. Washington was one of the few who genuinely liked and admired him, but Arnold thought that Washington had betrayed him. [110], Even before Cornwallis's surrender in October, Arnold had requested permission from Clinton to go to England to give Lord George Germain his thoughts on the war in person. In April of 1775, after learning about the conflicts at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, Arnold organized his men in preparation for a march to Cambridge to aid in the fight against the British . Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. With Benedict Arnold, he led the Green Mountain Boys to capture Fort Ticonderoga from the British in 1775. [23] The Stamp Act prompted Arnold to join the chorus of voices in opposition, and also led to his joining the Sons of Liberty, a secret organization which advocated resistance to those and other restrictive Parliamentary measures. [73] By October 1779, the negotiations had ground to a halt. He performed operations that provided the Americans with relief during the Siege of Fort Stanwix, and key actions during the pivotal 1777 Battles of Saratoga, in which he sustained leg injuries that put him out of combat career for several years. On the morning of September 22, from their position at Teller's Point, two American rebels, John "Jack" Peterson and Moses Sherwood, under the command of Col. James Livingston fired on HMS Vulture, the ship that was intended to carry Andr back to New York. [136], Fictional invocations of Benedict Arnold's name carry strongly negative overtones. [13] A commonly accepted story that he deserted from militia service in 1758[14] is based on uncertain documentary evidence.[15]. Arnold became a shrewd and prosperous trader in New Haven while also joining the local militia in 1774 and being named its captain soon thereafter. His physicians diagnosed him as having dropsy, and a visit to the countryside only temporarily improved his condition. You may think it was odd that parents would name their newborn . What does it mean to call someone a Benedict Arnold? [1][7] Arnold was the fourth surviving member of his family named after his great-grandfather Benedict Arnold I, an early governor of the Colony of Rhode Island; his grandfather (Benedict Arnold II) and father, as well as an older brother who died in infancy, were also named for the colonial governor. Bettmann / Corbis "You have five. Unable to find a new military or. [108], On his return to New York in June, Arnold made a variety of proposals for attacks on economic targets to force the Americans to end the war. This was the last straw. These charges were then referred to Congress, and Arnold asked for an immediate court-martial to clear himself. Benedict Arnold's name is synonymous with the word traitor. Benedict Arnold, (born January 14, 1741, Norwich, Connecticut [U.S.]died June 14, 1801, London, England), patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. [113] Other attempts all failed to gain positions within the government or the British East India Company over the next few years, and he was forced to subsist on the reduced pay of non-wartime service. [1] Only he and his sister Hannah survived to adulthood; his other siblings died from yellow fever in childhood. It described a boy who stole eggs from birds' nests, pulled wings off insects, and engaged in other sorts of wanton cruelty, who then grew up to become a traitor to his country. Arnold arrived in New Brunswick in December 1785, so Sage's mother could not have been from there. Sage's gravestone indicates that he was born on April 14, 14, 1786, a date roughly confirmed by Arnold's will, which stated that Sage was 14 when Arnold wrote it in 1800. "Whom Can We Trust Now? [99][100] Upon receiving Jameson's message, however, he learned that Jameson had sent Washington the papers which Andr was carrying. Nor was it named after Pope Benedict XIII, the leader of the Catholic Church from 1724 to 1730 (or any of the 15 other popes who took the name Benedict). Word of the siege's disastrous outcome led the company to turn around, and Arnold served for only 13 days. Troops were liberally distributed within Arnold's command area (but only minimally at West Point itself) or furnished to Washington on request. Clinton refused this suggestion; after a military tribunal, Andr was hanged at Tappan, New York, on October 2. His health simply declined, partly as a result of his war wounds, partly as a result of what used to be called dropsy edema, the dramatic retention of fluid in limbs. After organizing an assemblage of volunteers, he seized munitions from the New Haven arsenal and led his group northward to fight the British. The other leg ached constantly, and he walked only with a cane. [11], Arnold was very close to his mother, who died in 1759. [89] Eventually, a meeting was set for September 11 near Dobb's Ferry. [52] Historian John Shy states: Arnold began planning to capitalize financially on the change in power in Philadelphia, even before the Americans reoccupied their city. For additional information about Arnold's amazing career as a Continental officer, consult James Kirby Martin, Benedict Arnold, Revolutionary Hero: An American Warrior Reconsidered (New York, 1997). Washington refused his resignation and ordered him north to assist with the defense there. He led a small contingent of militia attempting to stop or slow the British return to the coast in the Battle of Ridgefield, and was again wounded in his left leg. [72] Clinton was pursuing a campaign to gain control of the Hudson River Valley, and was interested in plans and information on the defenses of West Point and other defenses on the Hudson River. Did he become a traitor because of all the injustice he suffered, real and imagined, at the hands of the Continental Congress and his jealous fellow generals? General Parsons laid it aside, seeing a letter written as a coded business discussion. [21] However, it is unknown whether this encounter actually happened or not. 1:38. After the war, he petitioned to have Vermont become a state. Brown was particularly vicious, publishing a handbill which claimed of Arnold, "Money is this man's God, and to get enough of it he would sacrifice his country". [74] Furthermore, revolutionary mobs were scouring Philadelphia for Loyalists, and Arnold and the Shippen family were being threatened. [41], Arnold was on his way to Philadelphia to discuss his future when he was alerted that a British force was marching toward a supply depot in Danbury, Connecticut. He claimed that Arnold was guilty of all kinds of treasonous acts and preferred the company of the British loyalists, all without offering any proof. In the House of Commons, Edmund Burke expressed the hope that the government would not put Arnold "at the head of a part of a British army" lest "the sentiments of true honour, which every British officer [holds] dearer than life, should be afflicted". [49][citation not found], Arnold spent several months recovering from his injuries. It was donated by Civil War General John Watts DePeyster, and its inscription reads: "In memory of the most brilliant soldier of the Continental army, who was desperately wounded on this spot, winning for his countrymen the decisive battle of the American Revolution, and for himself the rank of Major General. "[144] The victory monument at Saratoga has four niches, three of which are occupied by statues of Generals Gates, Schuyler, and Morgan. To raise money, he violated several state and military regulations, arousing the suspicions and, finally, the denunciations of Pennsylvanias supreme executive council. Benedict's exploits and continuous wins caught the eye of George Washington, who . He organized the militia response, along with David Wooster and Connecticut militia General Gold Selleck Silliman. She was the conduit for information to the British. When Arnold learned the following morning that Andr had been caught and that . Benedict Arnold was unhappy with his position in the Continental Army by the time he betrayed the cause of the American Revolution to the British. [10] His apprenticeship with the Lathrops lasted seven years. Clinton was uninterested in most of his aggressive ideas, but finally authorized him to raid the port of New London, Connecticut. "Arnold, Benedict (17411801)". By Joyce Lee Malcolm. [40] In February 1777, he learned that he had been passed over by Congress for promotion to major general. Corrections? The prisoner seemed suprised to see the gallows, but walked calmy toward it. American, then British officer after defecting during the US Revolutionary War (17401801), For other people named Benedict Arnold, see, Raids in Virginia and Connecticut colonies, Arnold's birth records indicate that he was born January 3, 1740 (, One British pound in 1776 would be worth about 160 in 2019. [107], The pursuing American army included the Marquis de Lafayette, who was under orders from Washington to hang Arnold summarily if he was captured. [55], Arnold lived extravagantly in Philadelphia and was a prominent figure on the social scene. [66] Biographer Nathaniel Philbrick argues: Peggy Shippen did have a significant role in the plot. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of major general before defecting to the British side of the conflict in 1780. [62], Wetherell says that the shortest explanation for his treason is that he "married the wrong person". After Benedict Arnold betrayed the Continental Army, his British contact, Major John Andr, was captured by the Americans and hanged as a spy while Arnold escaped on a British ship. [19][20] The captain was wounded in the first exchange of gunfire, and he apologized when Arnold threatened to aim to kill on the second. When the British took control of Philadelphia in 1777, Peggy met John Andr, a charming, well-educated British officer. Arnold was born in Connecticut. He was convicted of disorderly conduct and fined the relatively small amount of 50 shillings; publicity of the case and widespread sympathy for his views probably contributed to the light sentence. Why did Benedict Arnold betray the Continental Army to the British? Before his name became synonymous with treason, Benedict Arnold was a bonafide hero of the American Revolutionary War. Upon the outbreak of hostilities at Lexington, Massachusetts (April 1775), Arnold volunteered for service and participated with Ethan Allen in the successful colonial attack on British-held Fort Ticonderoga, New York, the following month. As the park's Facebook page explains, the hero's name was left off the monument for a reason. Through the early morning hours of Sept. 22, 1780 the two plotted. 10 interesting facts about st benedict. 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