MARK FAINARU-WADA: Where do we want to announce that? It was a scientific first. Morgan Stanley helps people, institutions and governments raise, manage and distribute the capital they need to achieve their goals. And with that head, he'd pop you. And I feel strongly about that, too. December 22, PETER KEATING: Dr. Omalu is excluded, just underscoring how they don't want to do business with him. Ready with slow motion and isolated. Sammy White, he did a remarkable catch with Skip Thomas and Jack Tatum jackknifing him as he caught the ball for a first down on the Oakland 45-yard line. We'd like you to make available these various people." Our bills are all overdue. COLIN WEBSTER, Son: You know, he was supergluing his teeth back into his head, and he actually made that work. CHRIS NOWINSKI: As long as the NFL dismissed this, that meant that parents were signing their kids up to go play football, believing that there was no risk. Grand Canyon University. There was dismissiveness on his part. The question is, do you want it to be your child? NARRATOR: But now the league might face huge lawsuits and a tarnished image if Dr. McKee's findings about CTE held up. TYLER SEAU, Son: We got really close, and you know, I feel like it's turning around, OK, he wants to be part of my life. APA citation style refers to the rules and conventions established by the American Psychological Association for documenting sources used in a research paper. NARRATOR: Omalu started at the feet and worked his way up. NARRATOR: His second in command and closest aide, Roger Goodell, took over. legal Janice Flood . Dr. ANN McKEE: I think it's going to be a shockingly high percentage. Reporter James Edwards seeks answers to these questions, reflecting on his own familys experiences along the way. You can't go against the NFL. NARRATOR: Eleanor Perfetto was one of them. DIRECTED BY. Respect is not given. NARRATOR: In the 1970s, Webster anchored four Super Bowl championship teams. Said, "Oh, he's even bigger than Mike Webster." And I went through the same sequence of answers again. PAM WEBSTER: His teeth were falling out. Refer to the guidelines for writing an effective summary presented in the Lecture 2 as a guide. The way the Steelers played the game meshed perfectly with the people. Dr. ANN McKEE: This is something you would never. Annoyed. NARRATOR: The final diagnosis in Seau's case was national news. There were no long-term psychological problems or cognitive problems in these athletes, in essence, saying it wasn't a problem. NARRATOR: And as the teams took the field just a few months later, in the fall of 2007, the league's definitive statement on brain injury was given to every single player in a pamphlet. Dr. BENNET OMALU: I assisted at the autopsy. I took out the brain, processed the brain. NARRATOR: Webster was often unable able to sleep. NARRATOR: And Goodell offered Dr. McKee something she needed even more than money brains. It really was a turning point. what is a voter acknowledgement card nj. NARRATOR: Presiding over it all, the most powerful man in sports. NEWSCASTER: If you had children who are 8, 10 and 12, would they play football? "It means you're going to the Super Bowl.". FRONTLINE is a registered trademark of WGBH Educational Foundation. NEWSCASTER: From now on, teams should consider a concussion a game-ending injury. How Afraid Should the NFL be of Chris Borland? NARRATOR: To her, it may be the beginnings of an epidemic. He was annoyed. And there may be other confounding factors in terms of the genetics that we simply don't understand. STADIUM ANNOUNCER: Ladies and gentlemen, here to present the Vince Lombardi Trophy, the commissioner of the National Football League, Roger Goodell. NEWSCASTER: The NFL changes its playbook, NEWSCASTER: New rules for treating athletes with concussions, NEWSCASTER: NFL commissioner Roger Goodell wants all teams to adhere to a new policy for head injuries. I mean, we battled in there, and this is what this is the result of it right here, sitting right here looking at you. The NFL has a serious issue around the question of concussions, around the issue of brain trauma, on the rising suggestion that there is a link between football and neuro-degenerative disease amongst its former players, and that there is a growing body of science that clearly establishes this link. And then, all of a sudden, I wouldn't hear from him. NARRATOR: Webster's final application for disability contained over 100 pages and the definitive diagnosis of his doctors football had caused Webster's dementia. Pain and injury were his specialty. ELEANOR PERFETTO: And I said, "I'd like to attend this meeting." They'd been compared to big tobacco. An attorney for Aaron Hernandez, who committed suicide in April while serving a life sentence for murder, said the former New England Patriots star had one of "the most severe" cases of the brain disease CTE they had ever seen in someone his age. It was a new understanding that, "Hey, you know, this might be bigger than we think.". It says you guys are now the NFL's "preferred" brain bank and that the league will help with efforts to direct families to donate the brains of former players to Boston so that they will be studied for CTE. And she didn't drop a beat and said, "Are you kidding!" And he said, "I used to be." NARRATOR: Once one of Pittsburgh's greatest football heroes, Webster began living out of a pickup truck. You know, the NFL has had this strategy of going nuclear every time it goes to court because the first time you ever lose, you open up the floodgates to potential billions of dollars of damage. August 22, Rep. JOHN CONYERS, Jr., (D-MI), Judiciary Committee Chairman: The meeting will come to order. The league makes it very clear they're not admitting any guilt, that there's no acknowledgement of any causation between football and the possibility of long-term brain damage. KEVIN GUSKIEWICZ, Ph.D., NFL Head, Neck and Spine Cmte. ROBERT CANTU, M.D., Neurosurgeon, BU CTE Center: No one, I think, would have thought that you were going to find chronic traumatic encephalopathy in a high school athlete. So not only was it an issue for my clients, it was a huge societal issue. STAN SAVRAN, Pittsburgh Sports Reporter: It fit the personality of a society that became more violent, that became faster, wanted instant gratification. The Chegg Writing APA citation generator will show you the elements, guides formats. You know, "I'm experiencing some problems. NARRATOR: As the concussion story received more attention, the coverage helped spark interest in the nation's capital. O nama. Dr. ANN McKEE: I don't want to get into the sexism too much, but sexism plays a big role when you're a doctor of my age who's come up in the ranks with a lot of male doctors. And there's only one place in your body that you really don't understand. NEWSCASTER: Junior Seau was arrested for domestic violence in Oceanside California early on Monday, NEWSCASTER: Seau accused of hitting his 25-year-old girlfriend, NEWSCASTER: Junior Seau drove his SUV right off a cliff in California, NEWSCASTER: The former pro football star has apparently fallen on hard times. APA style requires two elements for citing outside sources: Reference Citations in Text and a Reference List. I could answer this real easy at other times, but right now, I'm just tired. But I'm not out there crying about it. Neither group showed any significant growth (Wong and Tuttle 2005). And he could get up there with his short sleeves. And I'm, like, "OK." I don't know, you know, he's my hero, I'm going to do whatever he tells me. ", Dr. HENRY FEUER: I you know,I don't know why she feels that way. And what we've been told is the NFL was offering virtually nothing. I believe in empirically determined, scientifically valid data. December 15, I think that we need to learn more about these former athletes, learn more about them during their living years so that we can better understand what their neuro-cognitive function is like, what their emotional status is like. ANNOUNCER: a sight that is the last thing in the world the 49ers would want to see. I know that I went to war, and I came out of the battle with what I got. They didn't want to admit to themselves or anybody else that our beloved sport, probably our most popular sport, could end up with brain damage. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: I said that I really think this data is flawed. MARK FAINARU-WADA: There's no question the NFL marketed that violence. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: You have a brain that's intact. GINA SEAU, Ex-Wife: We didn't know why he was detached or forgetting, or why he would bark at us for nothing or we didn't know. We'd like you to participate. Ah! All the teams had to send doctors and trainers. At the time, it was something the league would not admit publicly. "League of Denial" was also a ratings success. Dr. IRA CASSON: In my opinion, the only scientifically valid evidence of a chronic encephalopathy in athletes is in boxers and in some steeplechase jockeys. Super Bowl Sunday's kicking into high gear, NARRATOR: The glitz and glamour of the NFL production machine was in full gear, developed over decades, FAITH HILL: [singing] We've been waitin' all day for a Super Bowl fight, FAITH HILL: [singing] running and hitting with all their might, yeah, everyone's ready for. NFL NARRATOR: On this down and dirty dance floor, huge men perform a punishing pirouette. COLIN WEBSTER: Maybe the saddest I ever heard him say was when someone saw my dad and, "Aren't you Mike Webster?" He became you know, had irate moments of, you know, violent temper. BETH WILKINSON, NFL's Attorney: We strongly deny those allegations that we withheld any information or misled the players. And one of his colleagues said, "It's Mike Webster. Dr. ANN McKEE: 8, 10, 12? January 28, But one person was missing. "Did what does that and so what's that mean?" ANNOUNCER: He's at the 40! HARRY CARSON, Author, Captain For Life: These players come down with dementia. And you know, her husband, suffering, you know, from dementia, obviously can't be represented there by anybody but her. Answered over 90d ago. NARRATOR: As he had for Webster, Dr. Omalu sectioned part of Long's brain and again had it stained. pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation (No Ratings Yet) . Tagliabue had begun his career as a lawyer. Stubblefield was there first. NARRATOR: Back in New York, with the pressure mounting, the commissioner decided to make some dramatic changes. People to observation schedule > therapeutic approaches psychoanalytic therapy > Juul exec slams FDA over approach! For this reason, format your reference to mention the segment and the database, Films on Demand. But the other piece of it is that the NFL wants to come off as being very forward-looking. NARRATOR: Back in the lab, McKee had seen another surprising case. Find articles in journals, magazines, newspapers, and more. Your pride's gone. LEIGH STEINBERG: The damage was occurring every week. And that was you know, that was a prominent part of the settlement. NEWSCASTER: including compulsive gambling, alcohol abuse. But the NFL is under assault as thousands of former players claim the league has covered up footballs connection to long-term brain injuries. : We don't know who is at risk for it. BENNET OMALU, M.D., Neuropathologist: So when Junior Seau died, just like every other case, people called me. he worries he has it. He moved to Lodi, California. NARRATOR: Dr. Omalu wanted to fix the brain, preserve it in a chemical bath for further study. NARRATOR: They insisted the league had done nothing wrong. HENRY FEUER, M.D., MTBI Committee, 1994-2010: I just have a problem. And that just didn't make sense to anyone that's a scientist. I feel very privileged that someone has trusted me with this duty. NEWSCASTER: An apparent suicide by a powerful athlete, NEWSCASTER: A beloved NFL star apparently took his own life today. Mark Fainaru-Wada, WRITTEN BY NARRATOR: On this day, the commissioner would take a front row seat to listen to the best medical minds in the league. Educational DVDs ofLeague of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisisare available from ShopPBS. And he says, "No. (2013 . NARRATOR: He talked about the price he was willing to pay. NARRATOR: The commissioner and the league had successfully held the line, denying the dangers of football. And a lawyer is not there to offer competitive athletic advice, either. You know, that changes the game to me. STEVE FAINARU, FRONTLINE/ESPN: They call him, like, the designated brain chaser, like that's his job, to go out and get the brains. NARRATOR: For Chris Harvard, the performance often ended with a blow to the head. And here was a study that the NFL supported, and it came out not looking too good for the NFL. ", NARRATOR: The papers downplayed the risk of concussions, DOCUMENT: "Mild TBIs in professional football are not serious injuries. LEIGH STEINBERG: I watched athletes I represented play with collapsed lungs. JEANNE MARIE LASKAS, GQ, "Game Brain": He ran the same test, same stains, found the same splotches, CTE in his brain, too. ", CHRIS NOWINSKI, Co-Director, BU CTE Center: The answer was, "I don't know what you're talking about. MARK FAINARU-WADA: Dr. Ira Casson ends up with this sort of very famous exchange that earns him the nickname "Dr. FRONTLINE is a registered trademark of WGBH Educational Foundation. NARRATOR: In the end, Dr. Omalu's paper was not retracted. CHRIS NOWINSKI: And I said, "There's something really wrong with me." And the answer was, and I'm virtually quoting, "Research has not shown that there are any long-term consequences to concussions in NFL players as long as each injury is treated properly. You may use your text or the OWL. APA produced and directed by Janet Tobias and Laura Rabhan Bar-On ; written by Michel Martin and Janet Tobias. PETER KEATING: The way the NFL handled this was for 15 years to do research that looks awfully like it was designed to say that the league was OK in doing what it was doing which wasn't much to protect players from the dangers of concussions. We don't know. Troy Aikman took a knee to the head. NEWSCASTER: It is hard to find a former pro football player whose body hasn't paid a very high price. Why would you fight that? NARRATOR: Earlier, Goodell had watched his mentor, Tagliabue, downplay the concussion controversy. Paraphrasing content from first source . An investigation of the health crisis threatening NFL players and the long-term fortunes of football. I'm just tired and confused right now, that's why I say I can't really I can't say it the way I want to say it. NEWSCASTER: The issue is head injuries among players, and if those injuries can lead. Correct the in-text citation in the sentence below. He died.". STEVE FAINARU: He was a steroid user. I really worry for my running back brothers. If Will Smith's character in the upcoming movie "Concussion" seems familiar, it might be because you've already met the real Dr. Bennet Omalu in FRONTLINE's "League of Denial.". DOCUMENT: "We therefore urge the authors to retract their paper". You're always studying, you're always trying, you're hopeful. HARRY CARSON: From a physical risk standpoint, you know what you are doing when you sign your kid up, that he can hurt his knee, OK? CORRESPONDENT: With early onset of Alzheimer's? He was he actually he broke down in tears in front of me a couple of times because he couldn't get his thoughts together and he couldn't keep them in order. We don't know the cause and effect. FRED SMERLAS, Buffalo Bills, 1979-89: Well, Webby would hit you with his head first. NARRATOR: The glory and the violence of football was beamed into tens of millions of American living rooms during primetime. She's done a great job. WRITTEN BY. I didn't want to admit it to myself, either. Once you hit full speed and you're moving backwards and he hits you, you're gone. Hell, I don't know what I'm saying. There's nobody in America who doesn't know what that means. ESPN, where we work, their new contract with the NFL is worth almost $2 billion year. Dr. ANN McKEE: We have examined thousands of brains, and this is not a normal part of aging. STEVE FAINARU: One of his mantras was to "protect the shield," the NFL shield, to protect the integrity of the game. ROBERT STERN, Ph.D., Neuropsychologist, BU CTE Center: Owen Thomas to me was a critical case. And I said, "My God, of course. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: With what we know about the youth brain compared with the adult brain, that it's more easily disrupted than the adult brain the youth brain is lighter in weight, so it has less inertia to put it in motion, so you tap a youth head, and his brain moves much quicker than an adult brain that's heavier and therefore has more inertia. STAN SAVRAN: They loved that hard-hitting, punishing, brutal defense that they played. NARRATOR: Mike Webster's body was delivered to the Allegheny County coroner's office. If 10% of mothers in this country would begin to perceive football as a dangerous sport, that is the end of football. Game time! What? Dr. BENNET OMALU: We did everything, spoke to the son. Oh, let's go to Tampa Bay where the Super Bowl's about to play out, where there's 4,000 media members who are there waiting to watch. He said, "All you got to do is tase me right here." Dr. ANN McKEE: I had an 18-year-old at that time. STEVE FAINARU: They'd just been hauled before Congress and the commissioner was embarrassed by Linda Sanchez. Let's go! of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr. That's a good sign. STEVE FAINARU: Congress saw it as a way to put the NFL's concussion policies on trial in the court of public opinion. To verify accuracy, check the appropriate style guide. He's a rheumatologist. It's pretty scary. NEWSCASTER: Linebacker Junior Seau died today in an apparent suicide. STAN SAVRAN: People liked the violence of it. I looked again. So we continued talking again. PETER KEATING, Reporter, ESPN: People have suggested strongly to me that he picked up a lot of techniques about how to aggressively defend things that could turn out to be class actions. STAN SAVRAN: Football, from the opening kickoff, it's full go. He looks like he's out cold, and now he's walking off. PETER KEATING: Dr. Ira Casson, who is an expert, but an abrasive person who is contemptuous of the arguments that concussion can cause damage. Mike Wiser. U.S. Energy Information Administration. What possible motive? NARRATOR: It took Goodell 24 years to work his way to the top. SCL 6_APA in text citation_references quiz_AK .docx. And so I called up Chris, like, "What the hell's going on?" ALAN SCHWARZ, The New York Times: The cover says, "What is a concussion," question mark. STEVE FAINARU: From a scientific perspective, there's this secret that's being unlocked. Additional funding is provided by the Abrams Foundation; the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Park Foundation; the Heising-Simons Foundation; and the FRONTLINE Journalism Fund with major support from Jon and Jo Ann Hagler on behalf of the Jon L. Hagler Foundation, and additional support from Koo and Patricia Yuen. No.". ANNOUNCER: Tonight on FRONTLINE, the epic story of football's concussion crisis. There was great doubt. Writer, Director, Producer, or Host in a parenthesis. LISA McHALE: Eight months ago, I lost my best friend, my college sweetheart and my husband of 18 years. And Mike's favorite games were the ones that were cold and snowy and frigid. NARRATOR: Nowinski's press conference was no match for the show the NFL was putting on across town. The papers were published despite his objections. And the next thing you know, they are reliving this conversation they'd had five minutes earlier. League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis (19) 8.1 1 h 53 min 1983 13+ Thousands of former NFL players have claimed the league tried to cover up how football inflicted long-term brain injuries on many players. Dr. BENNET OMALU: If you read, Pellman made statements like what I practice is not medicine, it's not science. NARRATOR: It was a controversial theory that raised fundamental questions about the way the game was played. And so Webster would duct tape his feet, as well, to sort of close those cracks and keep them and keep them together. NARRATOR: Dr. Casson declined to be interviewed by FRONTLINE. MARK FAINARU-WADA: The NFL convenes a summit in the summer of 2007. STEVE FAINARU: She's intimidated from the start because she knew enough about Ira Casson, she said, to know that he wasn't necessarily a friend. Find databases subscribed to by UW-Madison Libraries, searchable by title and description. And Omalu's response was, "Who's Mike Webster? . Change style powered by CSL. I'm fascinated by it. ANN McKEE, M.D., Neuropathologist, BU CTE Center: We dissect and section his brain, do a whole series of microscopic slides, look at it with all sorts of different stains for different things, and then come to a conclusion about what the diagnosis is. 45 had CTE. September 30, Next available on Thursday 9 a.m.10 p.m. Find information on spaces, staff, and services. I mean, you know, that would be extraordinary with any other disease, to be able to pull in that many cases just that were suspected. And it wasn't Mike. NARRATOR: And after her husband's death, McHale decided to become an advocate for Dr. McKee's research. So everything's crumbling. And Webster felt he'd never received the acknowledgment that his years in the NFL had caused his problems. Dr. JULIAN BAILES: It wasn't met with any broad acceptance, to say the least. ANNOUNCER: Now back to the third, and he goes outside. NEWSCASTER: Terry Long killed himself by drinking anti-freeze. 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