A computational model of neural contour processing: Figure-ground segregation and illusory contours. 2) Spatial frequency (Size) Grossberg S (1997) Cortical dynamics of three-dimensional figure-ground perception of two-dimensional pictures. Gilbert CD (1977) Laminar differences in receptive field properties of cells in cat primary visual cortex. 195:215-243. Am. pp. To account for the motion selectivity of complex cells, Hubel and Wiesel postulated that the system of simple cells only elicits a brief response to stationary stimuli (i.e. Stimulus set used in . Similar receptive fields were discovered in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). cells, connected in an AND arrangement. Illusory contours could be detected by several: a. hypercomplex cells, connected in an AND II. [14], Beyond investigating the integrative effects of end-stopping in visual perception, researchers are incorporating end-stopped cells (and other visual processing cells) into computational models that simulate the hierarchical representation of shape in the brain.[15][16]. J Neurosci 9: 31883208. contour interaction See Glasgow acuity cards; crowding phenomenon. II. 1) Monocular: 1 and 7 Abt. Psychol. In the first stage, a Gabor wavelet decomposition provides a representation of the image which is orientation selective and has optimal localization properties in space and frequency. The majority of these neurons showed this property independent stimulus contrast; a small minority preferred a certain combination of figure-ground direction and contrast polarity at these contours. Furthermore, the regions exhibit mutual cancellation (antagonism) and produce stronger responses as the stimuli fill more space (spatial summation). Creutzfeldt, O., & Sakmann, B. Neuroscience, 9 (5): 17311748, 1989. Ramachandran VS, Anstis S (1986) Figure-ground segregation modulates apparent motion. Receptive field organization of simple and complex cells. From: Advances in Psychology, 2001 View all Topics Download as PDF About this page Occipital Lobe Edgar A. Deyoe, in Encyclopedia of the Human Brain, 2002 III.C.2.e.ii Motion-Defined Form Versavel M, Orban GA, Lagae L (1990) Responses of visual cortical neurons to curved stimuli and chevrons. At the lowest and simplest level of the hierarchy are the aforementioned centre-surround cells of the retinal ganglion and LGN. Single cell recording studies on monkeys showed that some V1 and V2 neurons were responsive to illusory contours (Grosof, Shapley, & Hawken, 1993; von der Heydt, Peterhans, & Baumgartner, 1984). A 2:284-299. The present studies employ both. a. hypercomplex cells, connected in an AND A type of cell in the primary visual cortex (Area V1) that is similar to a simple cell or a complex cell except that it has an end-stopped receptive field, ceasing to fire if the line, edge, or bar that excites it exceeds a certain length. Nature (Lond) 329: 438441. Coren S (1972) Subjective contours and apparent depth. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. J.J. Koenderink and A.J. Wiley 1985. J. Neurophysiol. The cortical architecture of complex cells consists of converging adjacent simple cells with receptive fields that display the same orientation selectivity. 335-357. Eur. D. Hubel and T.N. Investigations into the localization of function as well as the advent of single-cell recordings of neurons fostered greater insights into the processing of information from sensation to perception. Zeitschrift fr Psychologie 150:83-91. Perception 18: 5568. 358 - 365. 13:882-887. 17:369-379. The hypercomplex cells described by Hubel and Wiesel earlier were likely a set of end-stopped complex cells. (1998). MIT Press. Neumann H, Pessoa L, Mingolla, E (1998) A neural architecture of brightness perception: Non-linear contrast detection and geometry-driven diffusion. Note that the dendrites of the a-type (OFF-center) and b-type . Peterhans E (1997) Functional organization of area V2 in the awake monkey. Hubel, D.H., & Wiesel, T.N. Nature Neuroscience, 9, 697-702. Gerrits HJM, Vendrik AJH (1970) Simultaneous contrast filling-in process and information processing in man's visual system. Kennedy JM (1979) Subjective contours, contrast, and assimilation. Following the wavelet transformation, local competitive interactions are introduced to reduce the effects of noise and changes in illumination. Initially discovered by David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel in 1965, hypercomplex cells are defined by the property of end-stopping, which is a decrease in firing strength with increasingly larger stimuli. This 'activation reversal' is robust, is not due merely to presence of line ends, is not dependent on inducer orientation, and is not due to precise position of line end stimulation of V1 cells. 343351. CrossRef van Doom. Cybern. For the selectivity for eye-of-origin, where does the information come from? Science 224: 12601262. Lastly, end-stopped cells would also be stimulated by the corners of the square. Lines of pattern discontinuity. illusory contours. Following suit, complex cells would respond weakly to the interior but strongly to an appropriate edge. Vision Res. It is presumed that multiple concentric LGN receptive fields converge in a line to develop a single simple receptive field. 343-351. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Hypercoplex cells in the cat's striate cortex. Neurosci. In: Nodine CF, Fisher DF (eds) Perception and Pictorial Representation. 41:87-116. Peterhans E, von der Heydt R (1989) Mechanisms of contour perception in monkey visual cortex. Hubel, D.H. (1995). Binocular disparity can give rise to the perception of open surfaces or closed curved surfaces (volumes) that appear to vary smoothly across discrete depths. June 1984. Currently, simple end-stopped and complex end-stopped cells are the terms of choice to describe neurons with end-stopping properties. Physiological Reviews, 88, 59-89. Heitger F, Rosenthaler L, von der Heydt R, Peterhans E, Kbler O (1992) Simulation of neural contour mechanisms: From simple to end-stopped cells. Simulation of neural contour mechanism: From simple to end-stopped cells.Vision Research, 32 (5): 963-981, 1992. This work was supported by in part by ARPA/ONR MURI under Grant N00014-95 . These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. A model of V1 visual contrast processing utilizing long-range connections and recurrent interactions, Recurrent V1-V2 interaction for early visual information processing, Visual filling-in for computing perceptual surface properties, A computational model to link psychophysics and cortical cell activation patterns in human texture processing, A recurrent model of contour integration in primary visual cortex, A neural model of the temporal dynamics of figureground segregation in motion perception, Neural mechanisms of human texture processing: Texture boundary detection and visual search, Neural mechanisms of cortico-cortical interaction in texture boundary detection: a modeling approach, Extraction of surface-related features in a recurrent model of V1-V2 interactions, Extraction of Illusory Contours by Perceptual Grouping, Recurrent Long-Range Interactions in Early Vision. The network nodes in these levels are analogous to cortical simple cells, complex cells, hypercomplex cells, and unoriented and oriented cooperative cells. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics 13: 882887. In area V2, we found neurons sensitive to the figure-ground direction that human observers perceive at such contours. d. complex cells, connected in an OR arrangement e. complex Control experiments excluded local line density, or attention to alignment in general, as the basis for . Plenum Press, New York. In this article, we simulate the responses of these neurons by means of a grouping mechanism that uses occlusion cues (line-ends, corners) to define figure-ground direction and contrast polarity at such contours. The Perception of Illusory Contours is a complete and comprehensive volume on one of the most important phenomena in modern perception research. (1977). Peterhans E, von der Heydt R (1991) Elements of form perception in monkey prestriate cortex. Dobbins A, Zucker SW, Cynader MS (1987) Endstopped neurons in the visual cortex as a substrate for calculating curvature. 30:235-248. von der Heydt R, Peterhans E (1989) Mechanisms of contour perception in monkey visual cortex. (C) Some special image features that are found at specific points in input image and are used for generating illusory contours, see text. Nat. R. Soc. Gilbert, C.D. Although perceiving a square involves much more than the contributions of simple and complex cells, this example illustrates that the edges and borders of a stimulus (without input from the interior) are sufficient to interpret its form. Here I build on my recent papers by providing examples where modally completing surfaces not . Visual Neuroscience. Illusory contours may have already formed before the inducer orientation information is crowded out. Vision Res 30: 18111825. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011273115282, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011273115282. The Perception of Illusory Contours. 246-252. The hypercomplex neuron: Has vision been thrown a curve ? (2005). Abstr. Illusory contour's (subjective contours) are contours perceived in the absence of a lightness or colour difference as in the Kanizsa figure. Gilbert, C. (2007). Neurons with such a pattern of response Hubel DH, Wiesel TN (1962) Receptive fields binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex. Perception & Psychophys. J. Neurophysiol. Kybernetik 7: 153160. 1) Small receptive field = hight resolution 41:117-158. It is believed that the information from all feature detectors combine in some way to result in the perception of visual stimulation. USA 92:6469-6473. Neurophysiology of vision. Science 224:1260-1262. Vision Res 32: 963981. Neurophysiological, brain imaging, and perceptual studies in animals and humans suggest that illusory (occluding) contours are represented at an early level of visual cortical processing. Lesher and E. Mingolla. Zetzsche C, Barth E (1990) Fundamental limits of linear filters in the visual processing of two-dimensional signals. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Perception 24: 13331364. 1) Fast response to changes Gerbino W, Kanizsa G (1987) Can we see constructs? The motion selectivity of complex cells means that a response is elicited over a vast range of stimulus positions. Psychol Review 79: 359367. b. hypercomplex cells, connected in an OR arrangement, c. simple cells, connected in an AND or an OR Accordingly, simple cell receptive fields exist in a variety of different geometries and sizes for all possible orientation and positions in the visual field. 29:500-504. What are illusory contours quizlet? The Effect of Illusory Contour on the Perception of Symmetry International Journal of Psychophysiology . The sensitivity to stimulus length is accompanied by selectivity for the specific orientation, motion, and direction of stimuli. contour interaction See Glasgow acuity cards; crowding phenomenon. False. In this case, a stimulus that extends too far in either direction (e.g. Extending beyond a specific length, the response would become progressively weaker. IEEE Trans. 61:469-481. Although end-stopped cells are a phenomenon of the mammalian visual cortex, there have been discoveries of cells exhibiting end-stopping properties within a variety of other species. Heider B, Meskenaite V, Peterhans E (2000) Anatomy and physiology of a neural mechanism defining depth order and contrast polarity at illusory contours. Perception and Pictorial Representation. F. Heitger and R. von der Heydt. Image and Vision Computing 16: 407421. In 1968, Geoffrey Henry and Bogdan Dreher discovered simple and complex cells in Brodmann area 17 that exhibited end-stopping properties. Biol. A neural network architecture is outlined that self-organizes invariant pattern recognition codes of noisy images. In Z.W. However, unlike simple cells, complex cells do not respond to stationary stimuli. Science 274: 21102115. Man & Cyber. You can also search for this author in Grinvald A, Lieke E, Frostig RD, Gilbert CD, Wiesel TN (1986) Functional architecture of cortex revealed by optical imaging of intrinsic signals. The Ehrenstein illusion is of a bright disk. cell receptive field found in the mammal's visual system. Monkey prestriate cortex 1970 ) Simultaneous contrast filling-in process and information processing in 's! 18111825. https: //doi.org/10.1023/A:1011273115282 field properties of cells in cat primary visual cortex as a illusory contours hypercomplex cells for calculating.. Organization of area V2, we found neurons sensitive to the interior but strongly to an edge... 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