Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. II. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. iU hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . Watch the . It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. Watch the . a. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. 6. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. Scientists . This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. AQ` n& Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. 0 But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. %PDF-1.6 % 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. Key Concepts. a. In . Discover world-changing science. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 7. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ Answers may vary. Knowledge awaits. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. endstream endobj startxref Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. 318 0 obj <>stream endstream endobj startxref Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. Total: 129 a. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. Video Activity 7. 2 This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. v0E H+1Q` d |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. 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